© Hilmar Alquiros Tao-Project: 道 德 經 Dào Dé Jīng 2000-2018 Impressum Datenschutzerklärung |
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No.
II.
2380 |
The parts Dào and Dé have been interchanged in the Mǎwángduī scripts: chs. 1-37 follow chs. 38-81; furthermore, ch. 24 precedes chs. 22 and 23, chs. 40 and 41 have been interchanged, and chs. 80 and 81 are placed after ch. 66. Die Teile Dào und Dé sind in den Mǎwángduī-Texten insgesamt vertauscht: 1–37 folgen 38–81; außerdem erscheint Kap. 24 vor 22 und 23, Kap. 40 und 41 sind vertauscht und Kap. 80 und 81 nach 66 platziert. |
Dé 38–81 |
Inner Power Innere Kraft
|
+
Hán Fēizǐ
韓非子
(280-233)
- W. K. Liao |
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38
sum:
2380 |
第三十八章
¯ |
The Power of Non-Intentionality Kraft der Absichtslosigkeit |
Raw texts s. below / Rohtexte s. unten!
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38.a |
Inner Power, Humanity, Justice, Morality Innere Kraft, Humanität, Gerechtigkeit, Moralität |
+
Hán Fēizǐ
韓非子
(280-233)
- W. K. Liao:
+
|
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No. |
Wáng Bì 王弼 |
Characters |
Analysis |
Verbatim |
Poetic |
Analogous |
|
|
38 - The Power of Non-Intentionality
[
A sophisticated chapter on the unsophisticated
[ We follow here especially ** v. Strauß's [1870 (!) p. 175-179] unsurpassed pioneering achievement and * Wáng Bì 王弼 in Wagner's ingenious and congenital rendering ["A Chinese Reading of the Daodejing", 2003].
01-10:
Highest
Inner Power
so it is Inner Power;
lower Inner Power
so it is without Inner Power.
Highest Inner Power
lower Inner Power
Highest Humanity
highest justice
Highest Morality
then
they
roll up their
sleeves 01-04 With greater Inner Power one does not need to show it: "Whoever has the greatest power of comprehension "does not make anything of" [it]. [*Wáng Bì 王弼 / Wagner]. [ "Insofar as he 'possesses the receipt/capacity,' he is beyond letting it go; insofar as 'he does not make anything of the receipt/capacity,' he is beyond getting it." [*]. [ With lower Inner Power one wants to showcase it: "He with the inferior receipt/capacity does not let go of" [it]. "That is why he is without [it]." [*]. [ "Lower Virtue" claims to be "infallible" as moral law, so it is not Virtue in a higher 'innocent' sense [ **v. Strauß 1870 p.176-177].
05-06
Accordingly, a high
Dé
"does not interfere and still nothing remains undone", the low
Dé
"interferes with them [the other entities], but has no ulterior
motive."
[*].
07-08 The comparison with the Confucianist values begins here: only Inner Power was regarded and compared in itself: between higher and lower form, however Lǎozĭ considered this distinction as unnecessary after the Inner Power was already lost. [ Humaneness 仁 rén (benevolence): "... the highest kindliness interferes (actively)" ... "but has no ulterior motive"; [*]. – [ "High kindliness deserves this name only by becoming doing, by doing" ... "Humaneness would be worthless, when it remained only feeling and word" [*]. [ Justice 義 yì: "... the highest righteousness interferes" ... "but has ulterior motive" [*]. – Justice as only principle is defined as intentional and interfering; it is included in humaneness, but kindliness is not included in righteousness [*].
09-10
The third
Confucianist value:
11-18:
Hence: Lose Dào,
lose Inner Power,
lose humanity,
lose justice,
Truly, this morality
and also confusion's beginning.
Prophets are Dào's embellishment, but also folly's beginning! 11-14 The stepladder from Dào and Dé (Inner Power), via Humanity and Justice to Morality... (or in 王弼 Wáng Bì's / Wagner's parlance: Way, capacity, kindliness, righteousness, ritual) is a brief summary of the ten preceding lines: a spiritual cascade, with the "Flow of Ethics" [Confucianism] from sublime transcendence to hollow ritual.
15-16
Morality
/
Ritual
as lowest step in the flow of social life:
老子
Lǎozĭ
again
emphasizes its negative consequences.
17-18
Periods with hypocritical ornamentation and enforced rituals make ruler
and subjects rely on "Dào's blossoms": superficial embellishment,
separated from the roots of Dào, outer knowledge instead of inner
wisdom. If a ruler "exhausts his intelligence in order to create foreknowledge... ", then secret information and secretive cunning seem at first to enrich the ruler's renown, but "genuineness and honesty become even more damaged" [* p. 246].
19-24:
Therefore:
Great, respected masters
They
reside
in
its
substance,
19-24 "Therefore"... now 老子 Lǎozĭ finally draws a conclusion: out of all abovementioned negative aspects and perils, towards positive ways to live (the Dào in Dé) like great, highly respected masters – recommended for leaders, as well.[ The Great Man, the True Sage, the ruler in the spirit of Dào: "resides in their [truthfulness' and credibility's] abundance, and does not take residence where they have worn thin" [*]. [ He "resides in its [the Way's] substantialness, and does not take residence where it [has become] an ornament" [*]. [ Wise men and rulers take the fruit, not the blossom, they prefer the inner content, not the outer husk: hence, they reject the latter and take the former. [*].
© hilmar alquiros, 2017
38 - Kraft der Absichtslosigkeit [ Ein ausgeklügeltes Kapitel über die unaus-geklügelte(!) Dàoistische Ethik, über Dé 德, Innere Kraft, aus ethischer Sicht auch als "Tugend" (Kap. 2, 10, 34, 51), im Vergleich zu den Kon-fuzianischen Werten wie (abstufend) 仁 rén Menschlichkeit (Wohlwollen), welche ohne absichtliches Handeln agiert, aber eingreift, 義 yì Gerechtigkeit (eingreifend und absichtlich), und 禮 lǐ Moral (eingreifend und erzwingend). [ Wir folgen hier vornehmlich v. Strauß' [1870 (!)] unübertroffenen Pionierleistung und Wáng Bì 王弼 in Wagner's genialem und kongenialem Werk. ["A Chinese Reading of the Daodejing", 2003].
01-10: Höchste Innere Kraftentbirgt nicht Innere Kraft, darum ist sie Innere Kraft;
geringere Innere Kraft daher ist sie ohne Innere Kraft.
Höchste Innere Kraft
und zugleich ohne Absicht;
geringere Innere Kraft
Höchste
Menschlichkeit
Höchste
Gerechtigkeit
Höchste
Sittenstrenge
dann
krempeln sie die
Ärmel auf 01-04 Mit höchster Innerer Kraft braucht man sie nicht zu zeigen: "Jener mit höchster Fassungskraft "macht nichts daraus". [ "Insofern er die Fassungskraft besitzt, lässt er sie darüber hinaus los; insofern er 'nichts aus der Fassungskraft macht', erlangt er sie darüber hinaus." [*Wáng Bì 王弼 / Wagner]. [ Mit geringerer Innerer Kraft wünscht man sie zur Schau zu stellen: "Jener mit der unterlegenen Fassungskraft lässt nicht [von ihr] los" ... "darum ist er ohne [sie]." [ *].[ "Niedere Tugend" beansprucht, als moralische Gesetz "unfehlbar" zu sein, somit ist sie nicht Tu-gend in einem höheren "unschuldigen" Sinn [**v. Strauß, 1870 p. 176-177].
05-06
Dementsprechend greift ein hohes
Dé
"nicht ein und doch bleibt nichts ungetan", niederes
Dé
"greift in sie [die anderen Wesen] ein, besitzt aber keinen
verborgenen Beweggrund"
[*]. 07-08 Hier beginnt der Vergleich mit den kon-fuzianischen Werten: nur Innere Kraft wurde be-trachtet und verglichen in sich selbst: zwischen hoher und niederer Form, jedoch erwog 老子 Lǎozĭ diese Unterscheidung als unnötig, nachdem die Innere Kraft bereits verloren war. [ 仁 rén Menschlichkeit (Wohlwollen): "... die höchste Freundlichkeit greift (handelnd) ein" ... "hat aber keine Hintergedanken"; [*]. [ "Hohe Menschenliebe verdient diesen Namen nur dadurch, dass sie zur That [sic!] wird, dass sie 'thut'. ... "Hohe Menschenliebe" ... "wäre wertlos, wenn sie nur Gefühl und Wort bliebe" [*]. [ 義 yì Gerechtigkeit: "... die höchste Recht-schaffenheit greift ein" ... "hat aber Hintergedanken" [**]. – Gerechtigkeit als einziges Prinzip ist definiert als absichtlich und eingreifend; sie ist in Menschlichkeit enthalten, doch Freundlichkeit ist nicht in Rechtschaffenheit enthalten [*].
09-10
Der dritte
Konfuzianische
Wert, Entsprechend gibt Lǎozĭ ein vernichtendes Urteil ab, in 王弼 Wáng Bì's Worten: Wer das höchste Ritual besitzt, beeinträchtigt andere Wesen, doch "... wenn niemand [seine Anordnungen] beachtet, wird er [die Ärmel] hochkrempeln und Gewalt anwenden [um seinen Willen zu erzwingen].
11-18:
Daher: verliere Dào,
verliere Innere Kraft,
verliere Menschlichkeit,
verliere Gerechtigkeit,
Wahrlich: diese
Moral
ist
und zugleich der Verwirrung Beginn.
Propheten sind des Dàos Zierde, doch auch der Torheit Beginn! 11-14 Die Stufenleiter von Dào und Dé (Innere Kraft) via Menschlichkeit und Gerechtigkeit zur Moral ... (oder in 王弼 Wáng Bì's / Wagner's Sprachgebrauch: Weg, Kapazität, Freundlichkeit, Rechtschaffenheit, Ritual) ist eine kurze Zusam-menfassung der zehn Zeilen zuvor: eine spirituelle Kaskade, mit dem "Fließen der Ethik" [Konfu-zianismus] von sublimer Transzendenz zu hohlem Ritual.
15-16
Moral
/
Ritual
als unterste Stufe im Fließen des sozialen Lebens:
老子
Lǎozĭ
betont noch einmal deren negative Konsequenzen.
17-18
Perioden mit heuchlerischer Ausschmückung und erzwungenen Ritualen
lassen Herrscher und Untertanen sich auf "Dàos Blüten" verlassen:
oberflächliche Ausschmückung, getrennt von den Wurzeln des Dào,
äußerliche Kenntnis statt innerer Weisheit.
19-24:
Sie
wohnen in
seiner
Wesenhaftigkeit, 19-24 "Darum"... zieht 老子 Lǎozĭ letztendlich eine Schlussfolgerung: aus allen oben erwähnten negativen Aspekten und Gefahren, hin zu positiven Wegen, (das Dào in Dé) zu leben, wie große, höchst respektierte Meister – ebenso empfohlen für die Herrscher. [ Der Große Mensch, der Wahre Weise, der Herrscher im Geiste des Dào: "... weilt in ihrer Fülle [der Wahrhaftigkeit und Glaubwürdigkeit] und lässt sich nicht nieder, wo er überstrapaziert wurde" [*]. [ Er "weilt in seiner [des Weges] Substanz, und lässt sich nicht nieder, wo er zur Zierde ward" [*]. [ Weise Menschen und weise Herrscher nehmen die Frucht, nicht die Blüte, sie bevorzugen den Inhalt, nicht die äußere Hülle: folglich weisen sie letzteres zurück und nehmen das vorige" [*].
© hilmar alquiros, 2017 |
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38.01. |
上德
不德, |
上 high(-est) {superior} / hoch (höchst) {überlegen}. 德 Inner_Power / Innere_Kraft. 不 not (reveals) / nicht {un-} (entbirgt) 德 Inner_Power / Innere_Kraft; |
Highest Inner_Power:
Höchste Innere_Kraft: |
Highest Inner Power does not reveal Inner Power, Höchste Innere Kraft entbirgt nicht Innere Kraft, |
Superior Inner Power's core
Erscheint die höchste Innere Kraft |
|
38.02. |
是以
有德。 |
是以 there/fore / da/rum. 有 here: is, to have {possess} / hier: ist, haben {besitzen}; there_are {subsist} / gibt_es {existieren}. 德 Inner_Power / Innere_Kraft. |
there/fore
da/rum |
therefore, it is Inner Power; darum ist sie Innere Kraft; |
got Inner Power thus the more. sich eben darum Innere Kraft. |
|
38.03. |
下德
不失德, |
下 low(-er) {inferior} / gering(-er) {unterlegen}. 德 Inner_Power / Innere_Kraft. 不 not / nicht {un-}. 失 conceals; loses, to lose; to let_go / verbirgt; verliert, verlieren; loslassen, 德 Inner_Power / Innere_Kraft. |
Lower Inner_Power
Geringe Innere_Kraft, |
lower Inner Power does not conceal Inner Power, geringere Innere Kraft verbirgt nicht Innere Kraft, |
Inferior Power can't let go
Ist Innere Kraft gering statt
groß, |
|
38.04. |
是以
無德。 |
是以 there/fore / da/rum. 無 without (no) {non-being, nothing_(-ness) / ohne (kein) {nicht-sein, Nichts}. 德 Inner_Power / Innere_Kraft. |
there/fore
da/rum |
therefore, it is without Inner Power. daher ist sie ohne Innere Kraft. |
so drum ohne Innere Kraft dann bloß. |
|
38.05. |
上德
無為
而無
以/不 |
上 high(-est) {superior} / hoch (höchst) {überlegen}. 德 Inner_Power / Innere_Kraft. 無 without (no) {non-being, nothing_(-ness) / ohne (kein) {nicht-sein, Nichts}. 為 here: interfering_(action) / hier: Eingreifen_[-des Han-deln]; to interfere {to act} / eingreifend handeln.
無為
without
interfering_(action)
/
ohne Eingreifen 而 and_also / und_auch. 無 without (no) {non-being, nothing_(-ness) / ohne (kein) {nicht-sein, Nichts}. 以 here: in order to; by means of / hier: um zu; mit(-tels); for; to use / um; gebrauchen. 不 not_[at_all] / nicht {keineswegs}.* 為 here: intentional doing / hier: absichtliches Tun... inter-fering_(action) / hier: Eingreifen_[-des Handeln]. |
Highest Inner_Power:
Höchste Innere_Kraft: |
Highest Inner Power acts without interfering, and also without intentional acting; Höchste Innere Kraft handelt ohne Eingreifen und zugleich ohne absichtliches Handeln; |
Superior
Inner Power mere
Es greift die höchste Kraft nicht ein: |
|
38.06. |
下德*
為之[無為]
而有
以為。 |
下 low(-er) {inferior} / gering(-er) {unterlegen}. 德 Inner_Power / Innere_Kraft. 為 here: interfering_(action) / hier: Eingreifen_[-des Han-deln]; to interfere {to act} / eingreifend handeln.
之
here:
it
{something} /
hier:
es {etwas};
of
[Genitive]
/
von 無 without (no) {non-being, nothing_(-ness) / ohne (kein) {nicht-sein, Nichts}.
[為之
interfering_(action)
in it
{something} /
Eingreifen_ 而 and_yet / und_doc; but [also] / aber [auch]. 有 here: to have {possess} / hier: haben {besitzen}; there_are {subsist} / gibt_es {existieren}. 以 here: in order to; by means of / hier: um zu; mit(-tels); for; to use / um; gebrauchen. 為 here: intentional doing / hier: absichtliches Tun... inter-fering_(action) / hier: Eingreifen_[-des Handeln].** |
lower Inner_Power:
geringe Innere_Kraft:
|
lower Inner Power acts without interfering (it), yet with intentional acting. geringere Innere Kraft handelt ohne Eingreifen in es, doch mit absichtlichem Handeln. |
inferior
Inner Power mere
und greift geringe Kraft nicht ein, |
|
38.07. |
上仁
為之
而無
以為; |
上 high(-est) {superior} / hoch (höchst) {überlegen}. 仁 humanity / Menschlichkeit.*** 為 here: interfering_(action) / hier: Eingreifen_[-des Han-deln]; to interfere {to act} / eingreifend handeln.
之
here:
it
{something} /
hier:
es (etwas};
of
[Genitive]
/
von
而 and_yet / und_doc; but [also] / aber [auch]. 無 without (no) {non-being, nothing_(-ness) / ohne (kein) {nicht-sein, Nichts}. 以 here: in order to; by means of / hier: um zu; mit(-tels); for; to use / um; gebrauchen. 為 here: intentional doing / hier: absichtliches Tun... inter-fering_(action) / hier: Eingreifen_[-des Handeln].**** |
Highest humanity:
{benevolence, kindliness}
Höchste Menschlichkeit: |
Highest humanity acts interfering it, yet without intentional acting; Höchste Menschlichkeit handelt eingreifend, doch ohne absichtlichem Handeln; |
Does
high humaneness
interfere,
Die höchste
Menschlichkeit greift ein, |
|
38.08. |
上義
為之
而有
以為。 |
上 high(-est) {superior} / hoch (höchst) {überlegen}. 義 justice / Gerechtigkeit {or: advantage, benefit / Vorteil, Nutzen: etym.: 羊 yáng = sheep / Schaf + 我 wǒ = I / ich = "I have a sheep" (advantage) / "Ich habe ein Schaf" (Vorteil). 為 here: interfering_(action) / hier: Eingreifen_[-des Han-deln]; to interfere {to act} / eingreifend handeln.
之
here:
it
{something} /
hier:
es (etwas};
of
[Genitive]
/
von 而 and_also / und_auch. 有 here: to have {possess} / hier: haben {besitzen}; there_are {subsist} / gibt_es {existieren}. 以 here: in order to; by means of / hier: um zu; mit(-tels); for; to use / um; gebrauchen. 為 here: intentional doing / hier: absichtliches Tun... inter-fering_(action) / hier: Eingreifen_[-des Handeln]. |
highest justice:
höchste Gerechtigkeit:
|
highest justice acts interfering it, and also with intentional acting. höchste Gerechtigkeit handelt eingreifend und zugleich mit absichtlichem Handeln. |
high justice
interferes,
and yet
greift die
Gerechtigkeit erst
ein, |
|
38.09. |
上禮
為之
而莫 之應 zhī yīng |
上 high(-est) {superior} / hoch (höchst) {überlegen}. 禮 morality / Sittenstrenge, Moralität or: propriety, rituals, rules of behavior / oder: Anstand, Rituale, Verhaltensregeln. 為 here: interfering_(action) / hier: Eingreifen_[-des Han-deln]; to interfere {to act} / eingreifend handeln.
之
here:
it
{something} /
hier:
es (etwas};
of
[Genitive]
/
von
而 and_yet / und_doc; but [also] / aber [auch]. 莫 (if) none / (wenn) keiner. 之 it {something} / es (etwas}; of [Genitive] / von [(sächsi-scher) Genitiv]. 應 to conform / entsprechen. or: (以)應 (yǐ) yīng. |
Highest morality:
Höchste Sittenstrenge: |
Highest morality acts interfering it, and yet, if nobody conforms it, Höchste Sittenstrenge handelt eingreifend, und wenn ihr doch keiner folgt, |
Do highest morals
interfere,
Es greift auch
ein die Hochmoral, |
|
38.10. |
則攘臂
而扔之。 |
則 then / dann. 攘 to roll_up / hochkrempeln. 臂 sleeves / (die) Ärmel. 攘臂 or: they raise their arms / sie erheben die Arme. 而 and_yet / und_doc; but [also] / aber [auch]. 扔 to enforce / erzwingen.
之
here:
it
{something} /
hier:
es (etwas};
of
[Genitive]
/
von 扔之 or: throw_away it / oder: werfen_weg es. |
then
they
roll_up
their sleeves |
then they roll up their sleeves and even enforce it. dann krempeln sie die Ärmel auf und erzwingen es gar. |
roll up their sleeves and force it here.
sie krempeln hoch die Ärmel
dann, |
|
|
*而無以:
in
韩
非子
Hánfēizĭ
(etl.al) . |
**為之[無為] 38.05. not in 馬王堆 Mǎwángduī A+B & not in 韩非子 Hánfēizĭ [= added later / später zugefügt?!] |
*** 仁 rén: humanity, human sym-pathy, benevolence... / Mitmenschlichkeit, Nächstenliebe, Wohlwollen ... = Confucian ideal / = konfuzianisches Ideal: |
**** not intentional like Dé, but still interfering and insofar below Dé / nicht absichtsvoll wie Dé, doch noch immer eingreifend und insoweit unter Dé! [h.a.]. |
||
38.b |
Dào, Inner Power, Justice, Morality, Prophecies Dào, Innere Kraft, Gerechtigkeit, Moralität, Weissagung |
|||||
No. |
Wáng Bì 王弼 |
Characters |
Analysis |
Verbatim |
Poetic |
|
38.11. |
故
而後德, |
故 hence / daher. 失 to lose / verlieren. 道 Dào {Way} / Dào {Weg}. 而 and_also / und_auch. 後 followed_by afterwards, after, later / gefolgt_von; nach-her, nach, später. 德 Inner_Power / Innere_Kraft. |
Hence:
Daher: |
Hence: lose Dào, and it is followed by Inner Power; Daher: verliere Dào, und ihm folgt Innere Kraft; |
And so,
if
losing
Dào, then due
Drum: ist das Dào erst
verloren, |
|
38.12. |
失德
而後仁, |
失 to lose / verlieren. 德 Inner_Power / Innere_Kraft. 而 and_also / und_auch. 後 followed_by afterwards, after, later / gefolgt_von; nach-her, nach, später. 仁 humanity / Menschlichkeit. |
lose Inner_Power,
verliere
Innere_Kraft, |
lose Inner Power, and it is followed by humanity; verliere Innere Kraft, und ihr folgt Menschlichkeit; |
is
Inner Power lost
then, see:
geht auch die Innere Kraft
verloren, |
|
38.13. |
失仁
而後義, |
失 to lose / verlieren. 仁 humanity / Menschlichkeit. 而 and_also / und_auch. 後 followed_by afterwards, after, later / gefolgt_von; nach-her, nach, später. 義 justice / Gerechtigkeit. |
lose humanity,
verliere
Menschlichkeit, |
lose humanity, and it is followed by justice, verliere Menschlichkeit, und ihr folgt Gerechtigkeit, |
is also lost
humanity,
und ist auch Menschlichkeit
verloren, |
|
38.14. |
失義
而後禮。 |
失 to lose / verlieren. 義 justice / Gerechtigkeit. 而 and_also / und_auch. 後 followed_by afterwards, after, later / gefolgt_von; nach-her, nach, später. 禮 morality / Sittenstrenge, Moralität or: propriety, rituals, rules_of_behavior / oder: Anstand, Rituale, Verhaltensre-geln. |
lose justice,
verliere
Gerechtigkeit, |
lose justice, and it is followed by morality. verliere Gerechtigkeit, und ihr folgt Sittenstrenge. |
is lost
then
justice, finally,
gilt
auch
Gerechtigkeit nicht mehr, |
|
38.15. |
夫
禮者
忠信
之薄 |
夫 here: for, truly / hier: denn, wahrlich.* 禮 morality / Sittenstrenge, Moralität or: propriety, rituals, rules_of_behavior / oder: Anstand, Rituale, Verhaltensre-geln. 者 (this) [thing] / (dieses) [Ding]. 忠 faith / Treue. 信 sincerity / Aufrichtigkeit.
之
here
/'s, their
/
hier: deren;
of
[Genitive]
/
von 薄 thinning_out {ruin} {thin, weak, slight} / Ausdünnen {Verderben} {dünn, schwach, leicht}** |
Truly,_[this]
Wahrlich,_[diese] |
Truly, this morality is loyalty's and sincerity's thinning out, Wahrlich: diese Sittenstrenge ist der Treue und der Aufrichtigkeit Ausdünnen, |
Then, truly
will
morality
Doch Sittenstrenge
eilt hinaus |
|
38.16. |
而亂之首。 |
而 and_also / und_auch. 亂 confusion / Verwirrung.
之
here
/'s, their
/
hier: deren;
of
[Genitive]
/
von 首 beginning / Anfang. 亂之首 confusion's beginning / der Verwirrung Anfang. |
and_also confusion/'s [its] beginning. und_auch der Verwirrung [deren] Anfang. |
and also confusion's beginning. und zugleich der Verwirrung Beginn. |
and great confusion starts to be. zugleich beginnt Verwirrung auch. |
|
38.17. |
前識者
道之華
|
前 "fore-", before, pre-, in_advance [= future] / "Voraus-", vorher, vor-, im Voraus [= Zukunft]. 識 to forebode / ahnen; to know, discern {aware(-ness), conscious(-ness)} / wissen, erkennen {Bewusstheit, Bewusstsein}. 者 those [they] / jene [sie]. 前識 prophecy, foretelling, fortune-telling / oder: Prophe-zeihung, Weissagung, Wahrsagung. 前識者 fore-bode/rs [those]; Prophet(-en) / Voraus-Ah-nen/de [jene]; Weissager. 38.17.+38.18. 前識者道之華*** 道 Dào {Way} / Dào {Weg}. 之 here /'s, their / hier: dessen; of [Genitive] / von [(sächsi-scher) Genitiv]. 華 (flower)_adornment {embellishment} / (Blumen-)_Zierde {Ausschmückung}. |
Fore-bode/rs [those]:
Voraus-Ahnen/de
[jene]: |
Prophets are Dào's embellishment, Propheten sind des Dàos Ausschmückung, |
Those prophets: Dào's embellishment, Propheten schmücken Dào’s Brauch: |
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38.18. |
而愚之始。 |
而 and_also / und_auch. 愚 folly {ignorance, stupidity} / Dummheit {Unwissenheit, Beschränktheit}. 之 here /'s, their / hier: dessen; of [Genitive] / von [(sächsi-scher) Genitiv]. 始 beginning, origin / Anfang, Ursprung. |
and_also folly/'s [its] beginning. und_auch der Dummheit [deren] Beginn. |
but also folly's beginning! doch auch der Torheit Beginn! |
and also foolery's ascent! doch Anfang aller Torheit auch! |
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38.15-38.17.:
Wáng Bì 王弼: |
*夫 (husband, man, worker); Classical chinese: this, that, he she, they; final particle = exclamatory, initial particel (here) = introducing an opinion / (Ehemann, Mann, Arbeiter) hier: Klassisches Chinesisch: dies, jenes, er sie, sie (Plural), Anfangspartikel = ausrufend, Anfangs-Partikel (hier) = Meinung einführend. |
**or: cf. Kalinke (2), 2000 p. 47: "Außenseite" / "outside" [V. v. Strauß]; "Verderben" / "doom" (perdition) [E. Schwarz]; "dünner Mantel" / "thin coat" [D. C. Lau]; "oberflächlicher Ausdruck" / "superficial expression" [Wing-tsit Chan, H. Knospe & O. Brändli, H.-G. Möller]; "Schein" / "pretence" (deception) [P. Carus, R. Wilhelm]. |
***38.17.
前識者
cf. Kalinke
(2) 2000, p. 47: |
2) "Erfahrung" / "experience" [J. Ulenbrook]; "Traditionalisms" / "traditionalism" [P. Carus]. 38.17.+38.18. 前識者道之華 and not... / und nicht ... second (missrouted) interpretation: “Early insight is Dào's blossom [and hence simplicity's origin]”(!) / zweite (fehlgeleitete) Deutung: „frühe Einsicht ist des Dào's Blüte [und so der Schlichtheit Ursprung]“; but 華 negative pole in 38.23.! („formal knowledge“) / aber 華 negativer Pol in 38.23.! („äußerliches Wissen“) [V. von Strauß]. |
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38.c |
Depth, not Surface, Core, not Decoration Tiefe, nicht Oberfläche, Kern, nicht Verzierung |
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No. |
Wáng Bì 王弼 |
Characters |
Analysis |
Verbatim |
Poetic |
|
38.19. |
是以
大丈夫 |
是以 there/fore / da/rum. 大 big {great} / groß_(-artig). 丈 respected; reverence / angesehen, respektiert; Verehrung; [= lit.: 10 feet / 10 Fuß]. *夫 here: masters / hier: Meister. |
There/fore:
Da/rum:
|
Therefore: great, respected masters Darum große, geachetete Meister |
Thus, great, respected men excel: Drum Menschen, angesehen, groß – |
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38.20. |
處 |
處 to dwell [place] / (ver-)_weilen [Ort]. 其 (in) its [= of Dào] / (in) seinen [= des Dào]. 厚 {thick / dick}: depth {profoundness} / Tiefe {Tiefgründigkeit}; ** |
dwell
wohnen
|
reside in its profoundness, wohnen in ihrer Tiefgründigkeit, |
in their abundance they do dwell, sie weilen in der Tiefe Schoß, |
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38.21. |
不居
其薄。 |
不 not_[at_all] / nicht {keineswegs}. 居 to stay (to rest, to reside) / verbleiben (ruhen, wohnen). 其 (in) its [= of Dào] / (in) seinen [= des Dào]. 薄薄 thinning_out {ruin} {thin, weak, slight} / Ausdünnen {Verderben} {dünn, schwach, leicht}*** |
not_[at_all] staying
nicht {keineswegs} verbleiben
sie
|
not merely staying on its surface; nicht lediglich an seiner Oberfläche; |
not staying superficially. nicht an der Oberfläche bloß. |
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38.22. |
處 |
處 to dwell [place] / (ver-)_weilen [Ort]. 其 (in) its [= of Dào] / (in) seinen [= des Dào]. 實 fruit(-s) {substance} / Frucht, Früchte {Substanz}. |
They
dwell
Sie
verweilen |
they reside in its substance, sie weilen in seiner Wesenhaftigkeit, |
They dwell in substantiality, In ihrem Wesen wohnen sie, |
|
38.23. |
不居
其華。 |
不 not_[at_all] / nicht {keineswegs}. 居 to stay (to rest, to reside) / verbleiben (ruhen, wohnen). 其 (in) its [= of Dào] / (in) seinen [= des Dào]. 華 ["superficial, luxurious"] blossoms / ["oberflächlichen, luxuriösen"] Blüten. |
not staying
nicht_[aber]
verbleiben
sie
|
not staying in its embellishment: nicht verbleiben sie in seinen Blüten: |
don't stay in their adornment rather. verbleiben in der Zierde nie. |
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38.24. |
故
取此! |
故 hence / daher. 去 to reject {to let_go} / verwerfen {(los-)_lassen }. 彼 the one [that, the farther] / das eine [jenes, das Fernere]. 取 to choose {to grasp, to accept} / wählen {ergreifen, akzeptieren}. 此 the other [this, the nearer] / das andere [dieses, das Nähere]. |
hence,
daher
|
hence, they reject the one and choose the other. lehnen daher das eine ab und wählen das andere. |
Rejecting one, they choose the other. Eins wählen, eins verwerfen sie. |
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*夫 (husband, man, worker); Classical chinese: this, that, he she, they; final particle = exclamatory, initial particel (here) = introducing an opinion /(Ehemann, Mann, Arbeiter) hier: Klassisches Chinesisch: dies, jenes, er sie, sie (Plural), Anfangspartikel = ausrufend, Anfangs-Partikel (hier) = Meinung einführend. |
** or: cf. Kalinke (2), 2000 p. 47: "das Wahre"/ "the Truth" [J. Ulenbrook]; "das Völlige" / "the Completeness" [R. Wilhelm, G. Debon]; "Wirklichkeit" / "Reality" [H. Knospe & O. Brändli]; "das Werdende" / "the Becoming" [E. Schwarz]. |
*** or: cf. Kalinke (2), 2000 p. 47: "Außenseite" / "outside" [V. v. Strauß]; "Verderben" / "doom" (perdition) [E. Schwarz]; "dünner Mantel" / "thin coat" [D. C. Lau]; "oberflächlicher Ausdruck" / "superficial expression" [Wing-tsit Chan, H. Knospe & O. Brändli, H.-G. Möller]; "Schein" / "pretence" (deception) [P. Carus, R. Wilhelm]. |
厚 + 薄 or: = “(inner) being and (outer) appearance” / oder: „(inneres) Sein und (äußerer). Schein“; lit.: thick(-ness) vs. thin(-ness) / Dicke vs. Dünnheit. [道之華 in 17.]; 38.20.-38.23.! or: cf. Kalinke (2), 2000 p. 47: "Außenseite" / "outside" [V. v. Strauß]; "Verderben" / "doom" (perdition) [E. Schwarz]; "dünner Mantel" / "thin coat" [D. C. Lau]; "oberflächlicher Ausdruck" / "superficial expression" [Wing-tsit Chan, H. Knospe & O. Brändli, H.-G. Möller]; "Schein" / "pretence" (deception) [P. Carus, R. Wilhelm]. |
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+
Hán Fēizǐ
|
莊子 Zhuāngzǐ (369-286 BC). 南華眞經 -Nanhua Zhenjing. True Classic of Southern Florescence
Und weiterhin: Was bedeutet eine Vorliebe für das Sehen? Sie führt zu einem Übermaß an Farbwahrnehmung. Was bedeutet eine Vorliebe für das Hören? Sie führt zu einem Übermaß der Wahrnehmung von Geräuschen. Was bedeutet eine Vorliebe für Menschlichkeit? Sie verwirrt die Wirkkraft. Was bedeutet die Vorliebe für Rechtschaffenheit? Sie widerspricht der Vernunft. Was bedeutet eine Vorliebe für Riten? Sie verleiht der Künstlichkeit Ansehen. Was bedeutet eine Vorliebe für Musik? Sie verleiht der Lust Ansehen. Was bedeutet eine Vorliebe für Weisheit? Sie verleiht der Schläue Ansehen. Was bedeutet eine Vorliebe für Wissen? Sie verleiht dem Argwohn Ansehen. Solange sich der Staat mit der ursprünglichen Natur des Lebens anfreundet, kann er diese acht [Vorlieben] anerkennen oder er kann sie mißachten; wenn sich der Staat nicht mit der ursprünglichen Natur des Lebens anfreundet, beginnen ihn die acht [Vorlieben] einzuwickeln und zu zerreißen und alles unterm Himmel gerät in Chaos. Wenn der Staat beginnt sie zu loben und zu preisen, wahrhaft, dann gerät alles unterm Himmel in große Verwirrung. Und dies soll ein Fehler sein, den man [schnell] hinter sich läßt? Heute wird gefastet, bevor man von ihnen spricht; kniet nieder, um sie in sich aufzunehmen; trommelt und singt, um nach ihnen zu tanzen; was kann ich da ausrichten? Kalinke, Viktor, Zhuangzi: Der Gesamttext und Materialien, © Leipziger Literaturverlag 2017 p. 284-285 |
+ Hán Fēizǐ 韓非子 (280-233) 20 解老第二十 Virtue is internal. Acquirement is external. "Superior virtue is unvirtue" means that the mind does not indulge in external things. If the mind does not indulge in external things, the personality will become perfect. The personality that is perfect is called "acquirement". In other words, acquirement is the acquirement of the personality. In general, virtue begins with non-assertion, develops with non-wanting, rests secure with non-thinking, and solidifies with non-using. If it acts and wants, it becomes restless; if restless, it is not perfect. If put into use and thought about, it does not solidify; if it does not solidify, it cannot work successfully. If it is not perfect and cannot work successfully, it will become self-assertive virtue. If it becomes self-assertive virtue, it is non-virtue. Contrary to this, if unvirtue, it has virtue. Hence the saying: "Superior virtue is unvirtue. Therefore it has virtue."
The reason why men value non-assertion and nonthinking as emptiness is that by remaining empty one's will is ruled by nothing. Verily, tactless people purposely regard non-assertion and non-thinking as emptiness. To be sure, those who purposely regard non-assertion and non-thinking as emptiness, never forget emptiness in their minds. They are thus ruled by the will to emptiness. By "emptiness" is meant the status of the will not ruled by anything. To be ruled by the pursuit of emptiness is ipso facto not emptiness. When he who rests empty does not assert, he does not regard non-assertion as having a constant way. If he does not regard non-assertion as having a constant way, he is then empty. If he is empty, his virtue flourishes. The virtue that flourishes is called "superior virtue". Hence the saying: "Superior virtue is non-assertion and without pretension."
By "benevolence" is meant the love of men in a pleasant mood in one's innermost heart. It is to rejoice in the good luck of others and to lament on their bad luck. It is born of the sense of sheer necessity, but not of the want of reward. Hence the saying: "Superior benevolence acts but makes no pretensions." "Righteousness" covers the manners of ruler and minister, superior and inferior, the distinction between father and son, high and low, the contact between intimate acquaintances, between friends, and the difference between the close and the distant, the internal and the external. The minister ought to serve the ruler aright; the inferior ought to comfort the superior aright. The son ought to serve the father aright; the low ought to respect the high aright. Intimate acquaintances and good friends ought to help each other aright. The close ought to be taken in while the distant ought to be kept off. In short, "righteousness" implies whatever is done aright. Anything right ought to be done aright. Hence the saying: "Superior righteousness acts and makes pretensions." "Propriety" refers to the mode in which one's feelings are expressed. It is concerned with the cultural embellishments of all righteous acts, such as the mutual relations of ruler and minister, father and son. It is the way whereby high and low, worthy and unworthy, are differentiated. For instance, when one pines after someone else but cannot make himself understood, he runs fast towards the person and bows low in front of him so as to express his attachment to that person. Similarly, when one loves someone from one's innermost heart and cannot make himself known, he uses pleasing words and beautiful phrases to convince the person loved. Thus, propriety is the outer embellishment whereby the inner heart is understood. Hence 7 "propriety" refers to the mode in which one's feelings are expressed. In general, when a man responds to external things, he does not know that the response reveals the propriety of his personality. The masses of the people practice propriety only to show respect for others, wherefore propriety is now cordial and again simple. The superior man practices propriety on purpose to cultivate his personality. Since it is practiced on purpose to cultivate his personality, it is intrinsic in mind and forms superior propriety. Since superior propriety is intrinsic in mind and popular propriety changes from time to time, they do not respond to each other. Since they do not respond to each other, hence the saying: "Superior propriety acts and no one responds to it." Though the masses of the people change propriety from time to time, yet the saintly man is always courteous and respectful, practising the rules of propriety which bind him hand and foot. In so doing he never slackens. Hence the saying: "Superior virtue stretches its arm and enforces its rules." Tao accumulates; accumulation 8 accomplishes an achievement; and Teh is the achievement of Tao. Achievement solidifies; solidity shines; and Jên is the shining of Teh. Shine has gloss; gloss has function; and Ih is the function of Jên. Function has propriety; propriety has embellishment; and Li is the embellishment of Ih. Hence the saying: "One leaves Tao and then Teh appears. One leaves Virtue and then Benevolence appears. One leaves Benevolence and then Righteousness appears. One leaves Righteousness and then Propriety appears." Propriety is the mode expressive of feelings. Embellishment is the decoration of qualities. Indeed, the superior man takes the inner feelings but leaves the outer looks, likes the inner qualities but hates the outer decorations. Who judges inner feelings by outer looks, finds the feelings bad. Who judges inner qualities by outer decorations, finds the inner qualities rotten. How can I prove this? The jade of Pien Ho was not decorated with the five bright colors. The bead of Marquis Sui was not decorated with yellow gold. Their qualities are so good that nothing is fit to decorate them. Verily, anything that functions only after being decorated must have poor qualities. For this reason, between father and son propriety is simple and not brilliant. Hence the saying: "Propriety is superficial semblance only." In general, things that do not flourish together are Yin and Yang. Principles that mutually take and give are threat and favour. What is substantial in reality but simple in appearance, is the propriety between father and son. From this viewpoint I can see that whoever observes complicated rules of propriety is rotten in his innermost heart. Nevertheless, to observe the rules of propriety is to comply with the naïve minds of people. The masses of the people, when observing the rules of propriety, rejoice imprudently if others respond, and resent it with blame if not. Now that the observers of the rules of propriety with a view to complying with the naïve minds of people are given the opportunity to blame each other, how can there be no dispute? Where there is dispute, there is disorder. Hence the saying: "The rules of propriety are the semblance of loyalty and faith, and the beginning of disorder."
To act before affairs take place and move before principles are clear, is called foreknowledge. The foreknower makes arbitrary guesses with no special cause. How can I prove this? Once upon a time, Chan Ho was seated and his disciples were waiting upon him. When an ox mooed outside the gate, the disciples said, "It is a black ox but white is on its forehead." In response to this, Chan Ho said, "True, it is a black ox but the white is on its horns." Accordingly, they sent men out to investigate it and found the ox was black and its horns were wrapped with white cloth. To bewilder the minds of the masses with the accomplished tact of Chan Tzŭ is almost as brilliant as any gay flower. Hence the saying: "Foreknowledge is the flower of Reason."
Supposing by way of trial we discarded the foresight of Chan Tzŭ and sent out an ignorant boy less than five feet tall to investigate it, then he would know the ox was black and its horns were wrapped with white cloth, too. Thus, with the foresight of Chan Tzŭ, who had afflicted his mind and exhausted his energy in order to attain it, was accomplished this same merit which an ignorant boy below five feet tall can do. Therefore, it is said to be "the beginning of ignorance". Hence the saying: "Foreknowledge is the flower of Reason, but of ignorance the beginning." "A great sportsman" is so called because his wisdom is great.* To "abide by the solid and dwell not in the superficial", as is said, means to act upon inner feelings and realities and leave aside outer rules of propriety and appearance. To "abide in the fruit and dwell not in the flower", as is said, means to follow causes and principles and make no arbitrary guesses. To "discard the latter and choose the former", as is said, means to discard outer manners and arbitrary guesses, and adapt causes, principles, inner feelings, and realities. Hence the saying: "He discards the former and chooses the latter." Numbers = Notes in:
http://www2.iath.virginia.edu:8080/exist/cocoon/xwomen/texts/hanfei/d2.20/1/0/bilingual *The so-called ‘Great Man’, that is the Wisdom of the Great ones, as well.” [h.a.] |
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38
sum:
2380 |
第三十八章
¯ |
The Power of Non-Intentionality Kraft der Absichtslosigkeit Congenial graphics by Loni Liebermann: |
北大 Běi Dà 38 B: 上德不德,是以有德。下德不失德,是以無德。上德無為 而無以為,下德 之 而無以為。 上仁為之 而無以為,上義為之 而有以為。 上禮為之 而莫之 應,則攘臂而乃之。 故失道 而後德,
失德而後仁,失仁而後義,
馬王堆 Mǎwángduī 38
M:
□ □ □ □
□ □ □ □
□ □ □ □ □
□
□ □
德
失德而后仁
失仁而后義
[故失﹦道﹦]
馬王堆 Mǎwángduī 38
m: 上德不德
是以有德
下德不失德
是以无德
失德而句仁
失仁而句義 ∠
郭店 Guōdiàn 01 G: * * *
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王弼 Wáng Bì 38
W:上德不德
是以有德。下德不失德
是以無德。
失德而後仁。失仁而後義。
河上公 Héshàng Gōng 38
H:
上德不德,是以有德。下德不失德,是以無德。
失德而後仁,失仁而後義,
傅奕 Fù Yì 38
F:
上德不德,是以有德。下德不失德,是以無德。
失德而後仁。失仁而後義。
Raw texts s. below / Rohtexte s. unten!
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Raw texts / Rohtexte: |
G: Guōdiàn 郭店 ~ -300M: Mǎwángduī 馬王堆 A < -206 m: Mǎwángduī 馬王堆 B < -179 B: Běi Dà 北大 ~ -150, ~ -100
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~ Textus Receptus: ![]() W: Wáng Bì 王弼 (226–249) < +250H: Héshàng Gōng 河上公 > +100 F: Fù Yì 傅奕 (554−639) +574 / < -202
+ Hán Fēizǐ 韓非子 (280-233) - W. K. Liao: * in: The Complete Works of Han Fei Tzŭ with Collected Commentaries, April 1939. [Link].
Ch.
XX. Commentaries on Lao Tzŭ's Teachings:
= DDJ 38, 58, 59, 60, 46, 14, 01, 50, 67, 53, 54 |
B:上德不德,是以有德。下德不失德,是以無德。上德無為而無以為,下德之而無以為。上仁為之而無以為,上義為之而有以為。上禮為之而莫之應,則攘臂而乃之。故失道而後德,失德而後仁,失仁而後義,失義而後禮。夫禮,忠信之淺而亂之首也。前識者,道之華而愚之首也。是以大丈夫居其厚,不居其薄,居其實,不居其華。故去被取此。 M:□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□□德上德无□□无以為也上仁為之□□以為也上義為之而有以為也上禮□□□□□□□□攘臂而乃之故失﹦道﹦矣而后德失德而后仁失仁而后義□義而□□□□□□□□□□而亂之首也□□□道之華也而愚之首也是以大丈夫居亓厚而不居亓泊居亓實不居亓華故去皮取此
m:上德不德是以有德下德不失德是以无德上德无為而无以為也上仁為之而无以為也上○為之而有以為也上禮為之而莫之應也則攘臂而乃之故失道而后德失德而句仁失仁而句義∠失義而句禮夫禮者忠信之泊也而亂之首也前識者道之華也而愚之首也是以大丈夫居□□□居亓泊居亓實而不居亓華故去罷而取此‧
G: * * * |
W:上德不德是以有德。下德不失德是以無德。上德無為而無以為。下德無為而有以為。上仁為之而無以為。上義為之而有以為。上禮為之而莫之以應,則攘臂而扔之。故失道而後德。失德而後仁。失仁而後義。失義而後禮。夫禮者忠信之薄而亂之首。前識者,道之華而愚之始。是以大丈夫,處其厚,不居其薄。處其實,不居其華。故去彼取此。 H: 上德不德,是以有德。下德不失德,是以無德。上德無為而無以為,下德為之而有以為。上仁為之而無以為,上義為之而有以為。上禮為之而莫之應,則攘臂而扔之。故失道而後德,失德而後仁,失仁而後義,失義而後禮。夫禮者,忠信之薄而亂之首。前識者,道之華而愚之始。是以大丈夫處其厚,不居其薄,處其實,不居其華。故去彼取此。F: 上徳不徳,是以有徳。下徳不失徳,是以無徳。上徳無爲,而無不爲。下徳爲之,而無以爲。上仁爲之,而無以爲。上義爲之,而有以爲。上禮爲之,而莫之應,則攘臂而仍之。故失道而後徳,失徳而後仁,失仁而後義,失義而後禮。夫禮者忠信之薄,而亂之首。前識者道之華,而愚之始也。是以大丈夫處其厚,不處其薄。處其實,不處其華。故去彼取此。 |
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Mǎwángduī: ch. 1-37 after 38-81; 24 before 22 + 23, 41 before 41, 80+81 after 66. Mǎwángduī: Kap. 1-37 nach 38-81; 24 vor 22 + 23, 41 vor 41, 80+81 nach 66. |
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Etymological Notes:
上 Simple pictograph 上(丄𠄞). A mark above the line indicating up. 德 From road 彳 and phonetic 悳. Meaning: ethics. (悳 means to go have a straight 直 heart 心) 不 Simple pictograph. Unclear origin. Possibly a root which us pulled up and is thus NOT there. Meaning: “no”. 是 From sun or day 日 (sundial) and to go 疋. Original Meaning: time. Now Meaning: here and now. 以 Simple pictograph 以. Usually a pictograph of a mouth often making some kind of sound. Borrowed for sound. Meaning: by means of.Simple pictograph 以. g by means of. 有 Compound pictograph 有. From a hand *又 holding some meat 月肉. Meaning: to have. 下 Simple pictograph 下(丅𠄟). A mark below the line. Meaning: down. 失 Composition:Left: 丿 right: 夫. lose; make mistake neglect. Augmented pictograph 失. Augmentation 丿(something lost) to hand 手 indicating droping something. Meaning: lose; make mistake neglect 無 wú mó 火+ 8 strokes negative no not; lack have no Simple pictograph Meaning: nothing. [无無. A dancer also pronounced wu. Borrowed for sound.] 為 From mouth 口 (character created for sound) and phonetic 矢 borrowed for sound. Meaning: to know. 而 Simple pictograph 而. (1) sometimes remnant of a beard. (2) sometimes a remnant of a root.(3) sometimes a man. 仁 From person 亻人 who may relate to another person and two people 二. Meaning: benevolence 之 Simple pictograph 之㞢𡳿. Augmentation of foot 止 going forward from 一. Originally indicating to go forward. 義 Super cursive remnant 义義. From my 我 and goat 羊. The generocity of giving a goat as a sacrifice each year to the poor. Meaning: generocity. 禮 From altar 礻示 and phonetic (man parying 乚)(offering 豊)乚豊. Meaning: ritual. 莫 From grass 艹艸 and sun or mouth 日口 and more grass 大艸. Originally Meaning: “not” or “dusk” probably from the sun lost in the grass. 應 Cursive remnant 应應. From shed 广 and phonetic 𤸰. Meaning: should. 則 From cowry 贝貝 and knife 刀. Meaning: rule. (seperating the cowries with a knife) 攘 From hand 扌手 and phonetic 襄. Meaning: to seize. 臂 From meat 月肉 and phonetic 辟. Meaning: arm. 扔 From hand 扌手 and phonetic 乃. Meaning: to throw. 故 From hand 攵攴 and phonetic (also Meaning: ancient) 古. Original Meaning: ancient and reason. 道 Composition:Bottom-left: 辶 chuò walk; walking; KangXi radical 162 ; top-right: 首shǒu head; first; leader chief; a poem. path road street; method way. The motion of thoughts which are diverse; traveling though life with one’s attention on the duality of unity with nature the head in motion. 後 Radical:彳 step with left foot; rad. no 60 + 6 strokes = behind rear after; descendents. 夫 Augmented pictograph 夫. Augmentation 一 and man 大. Meaning: husband or important man. 者 Simple pictograph 者. (unclear probably 口曰 and phonetic 止+ some dots) of original. Meaning: probably 这 “this” 忠 From heart 心 is centered 中. Meaning: loyalty. 信 From person 亻人 and phonetic 言. Meaning: to trust. 薄 From grass 艹艸 and phonetic 溥. Meaning: weak probably a weak crop; "forest foliage" / "Walddach", "-belaubung" [v. Strauß]. 亂 From tongue 舌(twisted threads 𤔔) and remnant string乚. Meaning: confusion. 首 Simple pictograph 首. A head with hair. Meaning: head. 前 Simple pictograph 前. A boat 月舟 and water刂水 going forward 止. Meaning: forward. 識 From speech 讠言 and phonetic 只. Meaning: to recognize. 華 Substitution remnant 华華. From added phonetic 化 and remnant of Simple pictograph 華 (of flowers). Meaning: flower. 愚 From heart 心 and phonetic 禺. Meaning: stupid. 始 From woman 女 (from where we all start) and phonetic 台 (phonetic is 厶). Meaning: beginning 大 Simple pictograph 大. Front profile of a man 大. Meaning: large. 丈 Simple pictograph 丈. A hand 又 and ten 十. Meaning: a span of ten hands. 處 Deletion remnant 处(t處). From the place a person 人 goes 夂止 and phonetic 虍. Meaning: place. 其 Simple pictograph 其. A basket being held by two hands. Borrowed for sound. Meaning: his. 厚 Simple pictograph 厚. From upsidd down 亯享. From 厂(upside down indicator) and upsidedown 亯享 or (日子)𣆪. Original Meaning: to receive favor. 居 From person squatting 尸 and upside down baby 古. Meaning: the place you were born dwelling. 實 From building 宀 and remnant string of coins 头貫 [From rom remnat string of coins 毌 and coweries 贝貝. Meaning: string of coins.]. Original Meaning: prosperous. Meaning: real. 去 Compound pictograph 去. From man 土大 leaving an enclosure 𠙴. Meaning: to go. 彼 From road 彳 and phonetic 皮. Original Meaning: popular. 取 From ear 耳 and right hand 又. Meaning: to summon someone as to call them co come forward. 此 From foot 止 and person standing there 匕. Meaning: this.
Sources: http://www.thetao.info/tao/big5.htm, http://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&char=%E4%B9%8D https://chinese.yabla.com/chinese-english-pinyin-dictionary.php?define=%E4%B9%8D http://www.chineseetymology.org/CharacterEtymology.aspx?submitButton1=Etymology&characterInput=%E4%BD%9C [and more].
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Literature: Dàodéjīng 道德經 ~ -400) by → 老子 Lǎozĭ. Fù Yì 傅奕 (555−639) 574 / < -202.Guōdiàn 郭店 ~ -300. Hán Fēizǐ 韓非子 (-280-233) ch. 20+21. Héshàng Gōng 河上公 > 100 .Kǒng fū zǐ 孔夫子 (Confucius / Konfuzius). Lǎozĭ 老子~ -400: Dàodéjīng 道德經. Lièzǐ 列子 ~ -440-360, ~ -350. Lún yǔ 論語 = Analects by 孔夫子 Kǒng fū zǐ (Confucius / Konfuzius). Mǎwángduī 馬王堆 A < -206. Mǎwángduī 馬王堆 B < -179. Wáng Bì 王弼 (226–249) < 250.Yì Jīng 易經 (Book of Change) . Zhuāngzǐ 莊子 (-369-286) . = 道德經 Dàodéjīng by 老子 Lǎozĭ. 傅奕 Fù Yì (-554−639 +574 / < -202 . 郭店 Guōdiàn ~ -300. 韓非子 Hán Fēizǐ (-280-233). 河上公 Héshàng Gōng > 100 . 孔夫子 Kǒng fū zǐ (Confucius / Konfuzius). 老子 Lǎozĭ ~ -400: Dàodéjīng 道德經. 列子 Lièzǐ ~ -440-360 ~ -350. 論語 Lún yǔ = Analects 孔夫子 Kǒng fū zǐ Confucius / Konfuzius. 馬王堆 Mǎwángduī A < -206. 馬王堆 Mǎwángduī B < -179. 王弼 Wáng Bì (226–249) < 250. 易經 Yì Jīng (Book of Change) . 莊子 Zhuāngzǐ (-369-286) .
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Abel-Rémusat, Jean-Pierre (P. VII des Mémoires de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles lettres), Imprimerie royale, Paris 1823. B) Le livre des récompenses et des peines, ouvrage taoïstes traduit du chinois avec der notes et des éclaircissements. Paris: A. – A. Renouard, 1816; Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1939 / 2 (Les Joyaux de l‘Orient, tome III) B) Mémoire sur la vie et les ouvrages de Lao-Tseu, philosophe Chinois du VI. siècle avant notre ère, qui a professé les opinions communément attribuées à Pythagore, à Platon et à leurs disciples. a) Vortrag 15. VI. 1823 in: Académie des inscriptions et belles lettres, tom. VII 1824. (Denkschriften) [auch: Rémusat's Mèlanges asiatiques, Sèrie I. , 1825-26]. Ames, Roger T. & David L. Hall Dao de Jing. A Philosophical Translation. “Making this life significant”. Featuring the recently discovered bamboo texts. Translated and with commentary. New York: A Ballantine Book. The Random House Publishing Group, (book + CD), Ballantine Books, 2003. 256 p. & Audio. . Braunsperger Hubert 1992 Innere Geborgenheit durch Tao Te King. Dialog mit Laotse. Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei, Wien. 245 P. Chan, Wing-tsit Chu Hsi's appraisal of Lao Tzu. In: Philosophy East and West, 25, 29, 1975, 131-144. Chang,Tsungtung, 1982 Metaphysik, Erkenntnis und Praktische Philosophie im Chuang-Tzu. Zur Neu-Interpretation und systematischen Darstellung der klassischen chinesischen Philosophie Gebundene Ausgabe. Verlag: Vittorio Klostermann (1982). Chan, Wing-tsit, |